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- Euro-shape and Local Content: The bottom line of Romanian higher education reform. (en)

- anexa 3

In our view the bottom line of higher education reform is mixed at best. In a country still marred by the ‘transition’ output fall, higher education is one sector that registered strong growth. This output growth was barely matched by increased resources, what left the sector as starved as before 1989. Moreover, the efforts to improve the content of higher education encountered only mixed success, and today Romanian universities conserve many of the failings of the communist past.

Intelegind actiunile Administratiei. Sinteza privind Politicile Publice. (ro)

Obiectivul acestei sinteze este de a trece în revista principalele concepte privind analiza actiunilor admnistratiei, fie ca este vorba de guvernul central sau de administratia locala. Textul de fata urmareste sa defineasca politicile publice, cine este implicat în procesul de formare a deciziilor administratiei, cum se ajunge la initierea, alegerea, punerea în practica si evaluarea acestor decizii si instrumentele specifice la care se apeleaza in cazul politicilor publice.

Health Targets. (en)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of using the concept of health targets for helping construct a coherent health policy in Romania. The Romanian health system is undergoing a deep change. A series of structural reforms are implementing. The introduction of social insurance has increased the resources available to the system. However, the initial hardship brought by the start of transition has allowed the health statistics to deteriorate. The health system is facing high demands, and has proven prone to periodic crisis.

Reforming romanian health care. Markets in health and lessons from Central Eastern Europe. (en)

After a long procrastination, the Romanian health reform entered a dynamic phase with the adoption of the 1997 Law on Social Health Insurance. Romanian reforms follow the convergence track with the other Central East European countries. The soviet style health system is replaced with payroll based social insurance, capitation for GPs and prospective budgets for hospitals become the main payment schemes for providers, and the reimbursement of drugs is based on reference pricing. There is no competition between insurers. The process is under way, but the indications are that within this specified frame the less controversial alternatives are being chosen. This confirms the cautious approach to reform Romania had so far and avoids the worst mistakes of other CEE countries.

The International Experience with Reference Pricing - Implications for Central Eastern Europe. A case study on Romania and Poland. (en)

Over the last decade reference pricing (RP) has become one of the favourite reforms in drug reimbursement in OECD countries. In spite of the controversies over the policy and its questionable cost-containment effectiveness, governments all over Central Eastern Europe (CEE), prompted by consultants from international organisations, are now introducing such systems. The current literature on reference pricing does not discuss the specific problems of CEE countries. The paper addresses this missing link: it presents a review of the international experience with reference pricing, and analyses the impact of the policy in CEE, with the focus on Poland and Romania.

The Strategy towards Foreign Direct Investment. Comparative study on Romania and Hungary. (en)

The paper The Strategy towards Foreign Direct Investment. Comparative study on Romania and Hungary deals with the different performances of Romania and Hungary respectively in attracting foreign direct investment, with a view to identifying government policies that can positively influence the flow of foreign investment. The theoretical backbone of the paper is represented by location theory. The study was based on surveys and interviews with FDI stakeholders (business people, government officials, and analysts). The findings emphasise the role of government related factors in influencing the flow of foreign direct investment, especially maintaining a simple and stable regulatory framework, and a stable macro-economic environment. These findings run counter to much of the current business literature.

In addition, in another departure from common wisdom, the study does not find support for the claimed importance for tax incentives in stimulating the flow of foreign investment. Finally, there is apparent a difference of outlook between the business community and the government agencies in charge with dealing with foreign investors, that helps explain the public policy failure.

Health insurance - comparative study. (en)

This paper briefly presents the criteria usually employed in the literature for the evaluation of the performance of the health system. The emphasis is placed upon the micro-efficiency criteria formalised by the Le Grande in the 'quasi-market' theory. Based on these theoretical considerations, I elaborated a set of criteria for evaluating the performance of the health funds as active purchasers. In the second part of the study, I apply this set of criteria for the analysis of the situation in three Central and Eastern European countries: Romania, Poland and the Czech Republic, with the aim of identifying the best performing model.

Reforma pensiilor. (ro)

Acest studiu a aparut intr-o prima forma in primavara anului 2001, in Early Warning Report.
Respectind formatul EWR, materialul prezenta evolutia principalilor indicatori ai sistemului de pensii romanesc si sustinea urgentarea implementarii reformei acestuia. Fata de aceasta prima varianta, am simtit nevoia sa introduc o scurta prezentare a modalitatilor alternative de organizare a sistemului de pensii si o discutie asupra predictiilor teoretice privind evolutia acestor indicatori. In plus am adus la zi datele statistice. Ceea ce s-a intamplat in sistemul de pensii romanesc in 2001 nu a fost de natura sa modifice concluziile analizei.

Reforma sistemelor de asistenta sociala - starea de fapt. (ro)

In toate tarile foste comuniste reforma serviciilor de publice de asistenta sociala (traducere fatalmente aproximativa pentru ansamblul de sisteme publice care in tarile dezvoltate functioneaza sub eticheta de welfare state) creaza probleme deosebite, ceea ce explica si intarzierea relativa a schimbarii in aceste domenii. In primul rand, sisteme ca cele de pensii, sanatate sau educatie implica fiecare zeci sau sute de mii de actori angajati pe diverse paliere, fiecare cu propriile sale interese si rutine, iar reforma radicala se loveste de o rezistenta usor de inteles...

Alta palarie. (ro)

Guvernul a lansat Planul National Anti-Saracie, creatie a Comisiei Anti-Saracie. Este documentul fundamental al unui guvern social-democrat, decis sa isi afirme identitatea. Documentul suna foarte modern. Inspirindu-se din declaratiile Uniunii Europene, principiile enuntate contureaza o politica sociala ce nu intra in contradictie cu necesitatile economice, ci actioneaza in directia pietei, pentru a sprijini integrarea tuturor in viata economica. Statul nu mai protejeaza, ci faciliteaza fiecaruia aceasta integrare. Este un discurs ce s-ar putea regasi foarte bine la noii laburisti ai lui Tony Blair, cu al lor accent pe employability - ideea ca statul trebuie sa iti faciliteze dezvoltarea unor abilitati care sa te faca solicitat pe piata muncii...
Articol aparut in saptaminalul „Dilema”, nr. 501, 2002.

Impact study No. 10 - Romanian social insurance and the integration to European Union. (en)

Study’s annexes are in a .zip archive. You can download it | here |

Between July 2001 - October 2002, the European Institute of Romania, through European Studies Department, has coordinated the Phare project "Pre-Accession Impact Studies" (PAIS), project aimed to support Romanian authorities in the negotiating process for integration to UE.

The policy report known as Study 10 include an integrated overview and analysis of the Romanian Government strategy related to the social insurance reform according to the EU requirements. This policy report will hopefully represent a useful document for the Romanian decision makers, EU official, general public. The report is focused on the specific EU requirements related to the Chapter 13 and Chapter 2 where social insurance component is included.

The Early Warning Report (EWR) is part of a UNDP sponsored programme for the assessment of the crisis potential levels in Romania and in other countries of the region. The Report is meant to raise warnings as regards the Government's decisions in the social, political and other fields of major importance and is supposed to aid the Government in formulating and correcting policy courses. EWR is a monthly publication produced by Romanian Academic Society for United Nations Development Program. The Early Warning Reports are part of the National Preventive Action System for Romania project.

EWR este o varianta de raport asupra politicilor publice, avand drept scop semnalizarea crizelor potentiale si identificarea oportunitatilor, pe baza unei evaluari stiintifice a tendintelor si cu o nota de militantism. Scopul unui astfel de studiu este mai putin analiza academica, cit oferirea de consultanta decidentilor politici. Rigoarea academica (aparatul teoretic, mentionarea surselor) trec pe planul doi. Importante sunt diagnosticarea problemei si identificarea cailor alternative de actiune. Legaturile de mai jos va prezinta materiale publicate in EWR incepind cu anul 2000.

- Poverty Alleviation: Minimum Income Guarantee. (en)
- Cursa pentru bunastare - Politica de asigurare a venitului minim garantat este periclitata de eficienta scazutã a administratiei. (ro)

The flagship initiative of the social democratic government of Adrian Nastase, the minimum income guarantee, is tidying up the Romanian social benefits system. Moreover, the law introduces safeguard measures against to mitigate the disincentive to work commonly associated with means-tested benefits. The financial feasibility of the scheme, aimed at covering more than 10% of the population, is however in doubt. Should the central government fail to provide adequate funding, the initiative will prove again an empty promise of the national government thrown on the shoulders of an overburdened local administration.

- Health Reform: Knocking at the Wrong Gate. (en)
- Reforma sistemului sanitar: eforturi intr-o directie gresita. (ro)

Defying the logic of reform, the hospital sector takes a larger share of health resources. The policy changes under consideration at the Ministry of Health will either be irrelevant or downright detrimental.

- The Fate of Institutionalised Children. (en)
- Focus: Copiii institutionalizati. (ro)

The statistics on child protection has shown an improvement over the last years. The trend of moving children out from institutions and into family environments should continue. However, the new priorities of the system, prevention and social insertion, require a strengthened role for ANPCA, an all-encompassing social policy and clearer priorities.

- Marching West. (en)
- Focus: rromii. (ro)

The government has created a comprehensive wish list for the social integration of Roma population. Its structure is arcane and the implementation sluggish. With real results far away in the future at best, the emigration potential of the Roma people looks set to create serious problems when the visa restrictions for Romanian nationals will be lifted.

Pension update. (en)

Romania has entered the 1990s with a healthy situation of pension funding. However, the political unsustainability of the PAYG system and the demographic evolution have bankrupted the system. The newly implemented law on pension reform 19 / 2000, and the subsequent changes brought by the government ordinance OU 49 / 2001 have improved the incentive structure of the system, by encouraging higher contributions over a longer period. These improvements do not go far enough. The demographic trend and the motivational problem built-in in a PAYG system require the introduction of a funded scheme. The government should devise a replacement along the line of the annulled government ordinance OU 230 / 2000 of the previous administration.

- Muddling through the pension reform. (en)
- Ezitari institutionale in reforma pensiilor. (ro)

The government is thoroughly reforming the public pension system, but the positive results are still being awaited. On the contrary, the plans for the introduction of the additional private system are sketchy and tentative. Key issues still need to be solved, and more important, the modest scale reserved for private pension schemes in the government's plans will limit any positive effect these might have in the near future.

Educating for the Labor Market. (en)

The "National Development Plan" (2000-2006) has granted human resources the pivotal role in sustainable development. The new orientation has placed education and training in the centre of sector-based policies and established new priorities. At any rate, the public recognition of the fact that economic and social reforms could not be carried out without educational reform is a positive foundation since, so far, education was more a matter of rhetoric than a real priority on the Romanian Governments agenda until late 1990s.

Unfinished Business: The Romanian Welfare Reform. (en)

The Romanian welfare system is in crisis. The value of the benefits has continuously decreased in real value. The economic restructuring induced poverty and the misalignment of work incentives have led the number of beneficiaries to skyrocket. Hefty surpluses at the start of the decade have thus turned into deficits, due to the shortsightedness of the post-communist governments. And the demographic trend is working against the welfare system.

- Will Brasov be the next to erupt? (en)
- Va fi Brasov locul urmatoarei eruptii? (ro)

Brasov is not likely to be the next social volcano in Romania. It lacks the deadly mix of raw force and political incitement of Jiu Valley. The industrial giants of the city have slimmed down to manageable proportions, and the social protection system is well posed to caution the adjustment shocks. The development of the city is however kept hostage by the large industrial companies of the communist era. There is little sign they are going to make a turnover any time soon. On the other hand the local economy is not buoyant enough and diversified enough to cope with any of them collapsing. A development strategy, supported by large public project, looks the best way out for the city, but the central government commitment is not forthcoming.

- Warning - risky social security funds management. (en)
- Administrarea riscanta a fondurilor de asigurari sociale. (ro)

The Ministry of Labour had to deal with hot potatoes, one after another, in the last half year. MMPS has stepped back at each encounter with opposition (trade union especially). Its veiled effort to solve things by confiscating health care money may backfire.

The hospital black hole sucks in the healthcare system (en)

The incentive misalignments in the hospital sector endanger the viability of the health system. The policy response of the government is mute, and the coming debate on the hospital bill is going to be irrelevant to the real woes of the health sector.

The New Labor Code: the burden rests with the employer (en)

After much prevarication the government has finalized the new labor code and intends to make its passing a matter of Parliamentary confidence. Under the mantle of European harmonization, the draft creates a nightmarish administrative maze for the employers. The only shine of light for them: the draft ducks the most controversial issues and postpones them for unspecified later legislation.

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